Infectious diseases and their spread make a challenge to actualize immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy in order to increase the reserves of the immune system in forming an adequate response to the pathogen. Numerous studies by clinicians and fundamental scientists are devoted to finding an effective solution to this problem. An example of the successful use of these advances in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases is the use of glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide (GMDP), which specifically activates NOD2-receptors, responsible for the realization of innate and acquired immunity. The review provides examples of the complex use in practical medicine of the drug Liñopid based on GMDP for the treatment of infectious diseases. The main schemes of immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of diseases of bacterial and viral etiology with the help of muramyl dipeptide of different age groups are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of using GMDP for specific prophylaxis of viral infections. © 2021 Nutritec. All rights reserved.