The relevance of the research is justified by the increasing influence of external and internal environment factors on the sustainability of modern companies of various types under conditions of uncertainty. The article considers the relationship between organizational sustainability and effectiveness and clarifies the concept of business sustainability in the context of a continuously changing external environment. The purpose of this article is to analyze the factors of organizational sustainability of different types (state, commercial, and public) in the conditions of uncertainty and turbulence of the changing external environment. In order to achieve the goal, the system approach, comparative method of analysis, as well as the analysis of organizations’ report on their activities were used. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the factors of humanization, digitalization, and partnership creation are increasingly influencing the sustainability of the modern organization and its transformation, as well as the varying degree of influence of internal and external environment factors on organizations of different types. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.