Monitoring and forecasting of the pollution of geological environment with polyaromatic compounds because of the oil pollution

The study is aimed on the choice of the optimal schemes for the monitoring of the hydrocarbon pollution of geological environment on the base of data about the marker compounds - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Traditionally the scheme of environmental monitoring of geological environment includes generalized data sampling about the composition and quantitative characteristics of hydrocarbons, analyses of information and forecasting of the situation development. We offer the scheme of sampling for the control of the pollution and justify the most effective technologies for preparation and analyses of samples as well as models for the forecast of the development of the state of geological environment taking into account the kinetics of chemical processes in the polluted environment. The specific of the suggested scheme is an accent on the marker compounds (PAH). Their ratios indicate the pollution source and the stage of degradation of pollution. Also shown the approaches to the control of secondary pollution (distribution of hydrocarbons into the neighboring environments). The age of contamination can be determined using the data about the hydrocarbon concentrations in samples of soil, water and grounds. Among the main results of the study are the following principles of monitoring. - Monitoring of the geological environment after the pollution with oil and petroleum products should be based on the data about kinetics of redox reactions and consideration of the multi-phase character of this type of pollutant. - Except the dissolved petroleum products monitoring has to cover the latent forms of hydrocarbon pollutants which are created due to phase transitions, change of speeds of the movement mixing-up and immiscible liquids, fluctuations of levels of shallow waters, pollution of a pore space of saturated and nonsaturated zones as a source of secondary pollution etc. - The optimal scheme of the subsurface monitoring should take into account the data of the marker compounds (PAH). - The subsurface quality must be monitored on the basis of specific standards (critical concentration values). Application of the existing soil quality standards for the assessment of grounds (rocks) is very conditional because of the significant difference in biogeochemical processes in these environments. © 2016 Society of Petroleum Engineers.