The article focuses on the reasons for a growing interest in the issue of human capital in the modern Russian conditions. The need to develop regional strategies is determined by specifics of jobs in regional economies, sector-based characteristics of work organization at the regional enterprises, targeted development prospects for regional economic actors, and existing regional problems relating to work organization. The analysis is given to the possibility of combining regional strategies for the human capital development and sectorbased systems for proficiency enhancement. The paper provides the authors' perspective on the definition of the human capital as well as a framework for interrelating elements of regional strategies for the human capital development and sectoral systems for professional development (by the example of the Far East). The organization of supplementary vocational education as an element of sectoral systems for professional development is shown to be included into the regional strategies for the development of human capital.