The main idea of this article is to consider the process of philosophical understanding of the special path of the national development of Russia on the example of the spiritual and ideological platform of Slavophiles in the middle of the XIX c. Many of the conclusions and decisions proposed by the representatives of this philosophical trend in Russia seem relevant today. An understanding of the ideas that underlie their worldview will in many ways help to better understand modern Russia. Working on the article, the authors used historical and philosophical methodological tools: the method of historical analysis, the method of induction and the method of dialectical comparison. © 2020 Aquilo. All rights reserved.