Can protective factors inculcate molecular adaptations of cardiomyocyte in the prevention of chronic heart failure?

Adaptations may be defined as any alterations, molecular and clinical, that provide better capability to an organism to face the adverse effects of environmental factors. Adaptations could be clinical or biological, and could be subdivided into genetic, epigenetic, immunological (increase in PG1), and anti-oxidative. Exercise enhances the synthesis of CoQ10 antioxidant and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as vascular endothelial, neuronal and myocardial growth factors, whereas yoga stretching enhances resolvin, which are protective mechanisms of adaptations. Mediterranean-style diets decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus increasing the molecular capability of adaptation by counteracting the adverse effects of environmental risk factors. DNA is a reasonably conserved molecule but epigenetic and genetic alterations can occur due to environmental factors such as Western-style diets, pollutants and radiations resulting in to DNA methylation. Some of these changes occur to counteract the adverse effects of these environmental factors which may be called adaptations. The surface of the genes can be altered through manipulations via mRNA, siRNA, histone modification causing epigenetic modulation. Regulating telomere-associated genes we can induce molecular adaptation by Mediterranean-style diet and moderate physical activity. We can also enhance adaptation through beneficial mutations or using allele from the standing genetic variations. Whether it is DNA, RNA, protein, receptor, enzyme, all of these will contribute to molecular adaptability. Functional food such as curcumin, fenugreek and Mediterranean-style foods can alter transcription, thus bring about adaptation. Molecular adaptation may include biophysical changes which may terminate in clinical manifestations such as central obesity which is an adaptation against increased intake of Western-style diets and sedentary behavior. More studies are needed to establish the role of adaptation in cardiovascular and cardiomyocyte dysfunction that leads to chronic heart failure. © 2019 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.