Respect for human rights is a fundamental principle of the modern international law, enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations Organization. Human rights form one of the three key pillars of the UN activities. Both issues taken into the title of the present paper are at the forefront in the international debates in recent years. Both issues have the potential for strengthening or weakening the effectiveness of international cooperation in the field of human rights. The article considers the contemporary stance of the international law in respect of traditional values and human rights of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgenders (LGBT), exposes the arguments of the proponents of each in an attempt to enhance the better protection of human rights worldwide. It also reveals the role of the Russian Federation in promoting the protection of traditional values, among which the primary significance belongs to the concept of a traditional family. The paper consists of introduction, literature and methodology review, the discussion part on importance of traditional values in context of the LGBT propaganda, and the part devoted to the efforts and activities undertaken by Russia that is one of the key states contesting the promotion of human rights of LGBT at the expense of traditional values’ protection. © 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.