Objective. To carry out a systems analysis of the data available in the current literature on possible abnormalities in the composition and properties of vaginal microbiocenosis. To consider the clinical aspects of different vaginal dysbioses in reproductive-aged women. Material and methods. The review includes the data of foreign and Russian papers published in the past 20 years. Results. The paper analyzes the relationship between the microecological system of the intestine and that of the genital tract in women. It also shows that it is possible to correct the vaginal and intestinal microflora and to prevent its abnormalities with probiotics. Conclusion. The efficacy of a combination of the probiotic microorganisms Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12) was evaluated; their positive effect on the body’s microecosystems was established. © 2017, Bionika Media Ltd. All rights reserved.