The temperature dependence of the effective refractive index of TE1 and TM1 modes in optical sol-gel waveguides over a wide temperature range

We obtain the temperature dependences of the effective refractive index on the parameters of the sol-gel film. We found and explain the differences in the temperature characteristics of the sol-gel waveguides for the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. We consider the features of these dependencies and make physical interpretations of them under high-temperature conditions. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.