Service Economy Strategies for Addressing Fluoride Levels in Tea Leaves: Insights from Science and Management

Purpose: The natural buildup of fluoride (F) in tea leaves presents possible health hazards, despite the fact that tea is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Researching what causes fluoride to build up in tea leaves and coming up with long-term solutions to control the problem are the main goals of this project. In order to reduce the negative health effects of drinking too much fluoride-laced tea, this study seeks to combine theoretical understanding with real farming methods. Method: The study involved a controlled experiment where 12-month-old tea plant cuttings were cultured hydroponically and exposed to varying concentrations of selenium (Se) and calcium (Ca). The treatments included different levels of fluoride (F) and the nutrients Se and Ca. Fluoride, selenium, and calcium levels in tea leaves and roots were measured using standard analytical techniques. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests to determine the significance of differences. Results: The results demonstrated that selenium application increased fluoride concentration in roots but significantly reduced it in tea leaves. Similarly, calcium supplementation decreased fluoride uptake in both leaves and roots. The findings suggest that Se and Ca can effectively mitigate fluoride accumulation in tea plants. The formation of Ca-F complexes and the role of Se in reducing fluoride translocation within the plant were identified as key mechanisms. Conclusion: This study highlights the critical need for managing fluoride levels in tea leaves to ensure consumer safety and product quality. By integrating scientific insights with agricultural practices, tea producers can develop sustainable strategies to control fluoride levels. Selenium and calcium supplementation, along with precision agriculture techniques, were found to be effective in reducing fluoride uptake in tea plants. Recommendations: It is recommended to focusing on developing and cultivating tea plant varieties with lower fluoride accumulation. Reducing the use of fluoride-containing pesticides and adopt integrated pest management practices. Conducting additional studies to fully understand fluoride uptake mechanisms and explore the interactions between soil amendments, water quality, and environmental factors. © 2024, International Society for Fluoride Research. All rights reserved.