The role of costimulation blockade in transplantology: from experiment to clinic; [Роль блокаторов костимуляции в трансплантологии: от эксперимента к клинике]

The review presents an analysis of the current state of the problem of using costimulation inhibitors to prevent graft rejection. We have shown the role of costimulatory molecules in the development of transplant rejection, as well as the success of applying costimulation blockers in experimental models (mice, non-human primates) and in clinical trials. The presented data indicate new approaches in the treatment of transplant rejection using costimulation blockers. These include inhibitors of interactions CD80/CD86 – CD28, CD40 – CD154, ICOS – ICOS-L, OX40 – OX40L, 4-1BB – 4-1BBL, etc. It seems promising to use hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with costimulation blockers, the combined use of which can achieve donor chimerism with the formation of transplantation tolerance. This will improve the prognosis and quality of life of allograft recipients, and will completely cancel immunosuppressive therapy. © 2023 Meditsina Publishers. All rights reserved.