The article examines current problems of international law, covering provisions in the field of international protection of human rights, international humanitarian and international criminal law. The problem of combating the involvement of children in armed conflicts has been attracting attention of the entire international community for many years. Children are vulnerable members of society as they can be subject to a strong psychological influence from adults. In this regard, children are more likely to become objects of manipulation and are easier to attract to participate in armed conflicts than adults. The article also pays special attention to the implementation of responsibility after the end of an armed conflict in cases where children were participants in armed conflicts. © 2024 IEEE.