The paper analyzes the results of sociological research conducted in Russia (N = 624) and Mongolia (N = 692) in 2020–2021 to identify the views of citizens of the two countries on the state of Russian-Mongolian relations, which are important in the context of understanding the prerequisites and prospects for the Greater Eurasian Partnership. The results showed very high indexes of positive perception by Russians of Mongolia and by Mongols of Russia. At the same time, there is asymmetry in the mutual perception of Russians and Mongols. In particular, when assessing the level of mutual awareness, Mongolian respondents gave a much higher assessment of their awareness of Russian culture than Russians awareness of the culture of modern Mongolia. More than 2/3 of respondents in both countries positively assessed Russian-Mongolian relations. This demonstrates good socio-cultural prerequisites for cooperation between the two countries in various fields, including the international system of division of labor. © 2022, Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.