Bacteria and Allergic Diseases

Microorganisms colonize all barrier tissues and are present on the skin and all mucous membranes from birth. Bacteria have many ways of influencing the host organism, including activation of innate immunity receptors by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and synthesis of various chemical compounds, such as vitamins, short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, toxins. Bacteria, using extracellular vesicles, can also introduce high-molecular compounds, such as proteins and nucleic acids, into the cell, regulating the metabolic pathways of the host cells. Epithelial cells and immune cells recognize bacterial bioregulators and, depending on the microenvironment and context, determine the direction and intensity of the immune response. A large number of factors influence the maintenance of symbiotic microflora, the diversity of which protects hosts against pathogen colonization. Reduced bacterial diversity is associated with pathogen dominance and allergic diseases of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and upper and lower respiratory tract, as seen in atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergies, and asthma. Understanding the multifactorial influence of microflora on maintaining health and disease determines the effectiveness of therapy and disease prevention and changes our food preferences and lifestyle to maintain health and active longevity.

Авторы
Издательство
MDPI AG
Номер выпуска
19
Язык
Английский
Страницы
10298
Статус
Опубликовано
Том
25
Год
2024
Организации
  • 1 M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
  • 2 Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
Ключевые слова
host–microbe interactions; symbiotic bacteria; bacterial bioregulators; allergic inflammation; allergy; food allergy; lung microbiome; asthma; allergic rhinitis
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