Философия "естественной Природы" и "космоцентризм" в изобразительном искусстве старого и Нового времени. Парадигмы смыслов

В статье проводится культурологический анализ сложившейся картины природного мира в разные исторические эпохи. Речь идет о формировании концепции «естественной Природы» и о разнообразных космогонических метаморфозах в изобразительном искусстве, которые нашли яркое выражение в пейзажном и анималистическом образах. Целью статьи явился анализ произведений изобразительного искусства, демонстрирующих ключевые «смыслы» в их причинно-следственной связи. Результатом стал вывод о значимости таких оценок в трудах исследователей и в произведениях художников, образными средствами раскрывающих смысл природного бытия.

The article provides a cultural analysis of the current picture of the natural world in different historical epochs. We are talking about the concept of “Natural Nature” and cosmogonic metamorphoses in the visual arts, which have found expression in animalistic, landscape images. The history of fine art demonstrates the path of materialistic natural-philosophical ideas about nature in the culture of antiquity, scholastic views in the Middle Ages, cosmogonic views in the period of Baroque, classicism, Romanticism (old, new time). “Natural nature” in the minds of artists and thinkers is considered as a Divine given, which for centuries found expression in the artistic system of fine art, as it was observed in the era of Greek antiquity, the Renaissance, when perfect nature was seen in the logic of architectural structures, proportions, the structure of the human body and animal. Over time, the universal model of the world has lost its reality. It was replaced by a new perception. It is noted that a certain watershed of such a rethinking was the stylistic epochs of Baroque, classicism, romanticism with their cosmogonic character, raising the natural image to the level of sensuality, the peaks of the human mind or internal impulses. The purpose of the article is to analyze works of fine art that demonstrate the key “meanings” in their causal relationship. The result was the conclusion about the significance of such assessments in the works of researchers and in the works of artists, who reveal the meaning of natural existence by imaginative means, by the power of their artistic potential. Cultural and art criticism approaches help to see the “picture of the world” in the identified meanings, which emphasizes the relevance of the article, in which attempts are made to draw the reader's attention to the current state of affairs in the field of Nature, the relationship between humans and animals, the need to preserve their lives in the era of global changes.