A comparison of conventional and novel phytonutrient extraction techniques from various sources and their potential applications

The phytonutrient extract helps in the development and manufacturing of nutraceuticals and food additives. Some of these secondary metabolites, such as polyphenol, anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, phytosterols, terpenoids, and others, are extracted from plants. These phytonutrients provide many health benefits like prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, atherosclerosis, certain cancers, and diabetes. Traditional extraction methods such as Soxhlet, maceration, decoction, percolation and infusions are still used, but significant improvements can be made by using novel or greener extraction methods, including accelerated solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction. Once extracted, these phytonutrients can be utilised in the cosmetic, nutraceuticals, pharmaceutical, or food industries, with the later focusing on improving food quality. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various techniques used in the extraction and isolation of phytonutrients. Additionally, this article describes the advantages, disadvantages, practical examples, and a comparative study of these processes.