Китай в глобальных цепочках стоимости: некоторые факты

В статье представлены особенности участия Китая в глобальной цепочке создания стоимости (далее - ГЦС) по сравнению с крупнейшими мировыми экспортерами. В соответствии с расчетами на основе статистической базы ОЭСР TiVa, авторы приходят к следующим выводам: в последние годы для всех стран было характерно снижение интеграции в ГЦС, при этом, показатели этого снижения для Китая были минимальными; сокращение участия стран в ГЦС напрямую связана с уменьшением доли зарубежной добавленной стоимости в экспорте, причем зависимость Китая от импортируемых промежуточных продуктов снижалась наиболее быстрыми темпами.

China’s accession to the WTO has not only entailed China's increased role in the world trade, but has also symbolized the beginning of China’s accelerated integration into the global value chains (GVCs). Initially, China was of interest to developed countries as a location with relatively cheap labor, but gradually its role in the GVC changed, and China became the largest exporter of intermediate goods of final demand in the industrial supply chains, primarily in the automotive and electronics sectors. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate Chinese exports not only and not so much in terms of gross figures, but in terms of value added indicators. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the features of China's participation in GVCs compared with the world's largest exporters such as the USA and Germany. In accordance with the calculations based on the OECD TiVa statistical database, the authors come to the following conclusions: all countries have experienced a decline in GSC integration in recent years, while the rate of the decline for China has been minimal; the decline in countries' participation in GSCs is directly related to the declining share of foreign value added in exports, with China's dependence on imported intermediate products declining most rapidly; at the same time China has increased its share of indirect domestic value added in its exports of intermediate goods by building up its own supply chain. Despite the fact that the countries participation in GVCs is declining, it remains very high, and it is too early to talk about the established trends in de-globalization.