The article analyzes anthropological ideas in ancient Chinese philosophy, using Taoism and Confucianism as examples. The authors question the established stereotype of diminishing the personal element in Chinese culture. The inadequacy of its study based on Western conceptual apparatus and methodology is asserted. The anthropological character of Chinese philosophical culture is emphasized, and its principles, expressed in a peculiar way already in pre-philosophy, in Taoism and Confucianism, are revealed. It is pointed out that the principles of the construction of the universe, the Celestial Empire, and the implementation of human behavior (naturalness, non-violence, respect, etc.) can be regarded as salutary for modern civilization. It is not for nothing that many philosophers and cultural creators turn to the wealthiest and most valuable heritage of ancient China. In cinematography, for example, Andrei Tarkovsky (1932-1986) borrowed many of his ideas from Taoism. The authors conduct a comparative analysis of the spiritual teachings of ancient China with the Gospel truths.