The War and the Nature of National Education in the Works of Russian Neokantians

Based on the analysis of works of two Russian thinkers S. Hessen and M. Rubinstein the paper considers the problems of national education. It determines that the First World War served as a specific catalyst for data access issues. Russian Neo-Kantian philosophers, graduates of German universities, did not succumb to the chauvinistic sentiments of the masses and opposed the indiscriminate denial of the presence of human values. On the contrary, they tried to sharpen the dilemma of "national - universal" to allow consistent manner, including in higher education.