Emergent Physics of Graphene

The paper presents an overview of graphene electronic structure in light of a general concept of emergent phenomena that result from the quantum phase transition caused by continuous symmetry breaking. Spin symmetry breaking of graphene, provided by a drastic enhancement of p(z) odd electron correlation, is complemented with time symmetry breaking. Taking together, the two issues give a clear vision of emergent spin peculiarities of graphene chemistry and predictably point to occurrence of emergents related to graphene physics, such as ferromagnetism, superconductivity and topological non-triviality.