International environmental legal standards for oil and gas pipelines in International Waters

According to the statistics, 80% of failures of the submarine pipelines occur during the pipeline operation. Thus, during the period when it is pumped, the failure may be accompanied by hydrocarbon leakage which negatively affects the environment. All defects that may lead to the development of such accidents should be detected, timely eliminated, or prevented. To do this, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the existing triggers that could cause pipeline defects and damage and, based on this information, develop, and implement appropriate safeguards including the international legal standards.