IRON-CONTAINING CATALYSTS ON THE SURFACE OF SPHERICAL NANOSIZED SILICON OXIDE FOR THE FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

The article discusses the features of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the presence of an iron-containing catalyst deposited on nano-sized. spherical silicon oxide. This topic is relevant in the petrochemical extraction of raw materials, since a feature of the catalyst is the synthesis of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are the main by-products of the processing of natural resources. The main problem in this area is the peculiarities of the synthesis of a catalyst supported on spherical silicon oxide. Aspects of increasing the selectivity for liquid products, which somewhat decreases with increasing temperature, are considered. The purpose of this article is to review the sources on the topic "Iron-containing catalysts on the surface of spherical nanosized silicon oxide for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis", which was divided into two main subtopics: "Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the presence of an iron-containing catalyst" and "Synthesis of spherical nanosizedl silicon oxides" for a more detailed consideration of synthesis methods and analysis of the yields of reaction products, as well as analysis of the development of synthesis methods. The review was conducted to fill the gaps in the description of the methodology for the synthesis of Fischer-Tropsch and silicon oxide. Based on the analysis of 15 studies of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on iron-containing catalysts and 21 studies of the synthesis of a spherical nanoscale catalyst using the database: Scopus and Web of Science, where the search was limited to the period from 2015 to 2020, for a detailed review of earlier publications based on the already released synthesis methods. The topics discussed were not relevant until our time in relation to the consumption of natural resources, but now, because of the Greenpeace movement, methods of recycling and eliminating the environmental problems of the oil industry are being considered. This review made it possible to identify the most acceptable method for the synthesis of nano-sized spherical silicon oxide, since the Stober method turned out to be the most effective and widespread This method has shown the best yield of products with effective sizes for the synthesis of Fischer-Tropsch silicas. The iron-containing catalysts showed the highest synthesis gas conversion and selectivity towards liquid reaction products. The review article can be used for further research in the field of oil refining with the aim of using the presented syntheses, reagents, and reaction conditions as a basis.