The article deals with the problems of functioning and improvement of measuring and control devices in the medical industry. The classification, principles of organization of specialized, multifunctional and single-functional medical instrument and computer systems are considered. A model for solving the problem of scalability and availability through the use of non-relational data management systems that combine methods for achieving atomicity and data consistency is proposed. The promising diagnostic methods in medicine are described. The importance of a prompt assessment of the patient's condition is emphasized. The optimization and modernization of the digital radiography using modern machine learning algorithms are given and justified. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.