The article is devoted to the analysis of energy cooperation between Russia, Mongolia and China within the framework of the project for the construction of the “Power of Siberia — 2” gas pipeline. The relevance of the research topic is due to the intensification of cooperation between the three countries within the framework of the implementation of the Development Program for Siberia and the Far East, the “Steppe Road” and “One Belt and One Road” initiatives, as well as the start of preparatory work for the implementation of a project to build a gas pipeline from Russia to China through Mongolia. The aim of the study is to determine the level of energy cooperation within the framework of the “Power of Siberia — 2” gas pipeline construction project and to identify the risks and prospects of the project. © 2022, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Istorii (Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Hist). All rights reserved.