The main trends in the development of organic farming in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine are revealed, the features of the formation of a system of control and certification of organic agriculture in Russia, the advantages, and potential opportunities for the development of organic production in agriculture are highlighted. The main stages of the transition from the traditional farming system to the organic farming system are described. Conclusions about contrasting organic and traditional farming in the face of changes in the world's population are formulated; in the coming decades, Russia should focus on the balanced development of both farming systems. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.