The paper is devoted to the topical aspects of the implementation of the law enforcement of the ICJ—International Court of Justice of UN on International Border Disputes. The study reveals the practice of the International Court of Justice on the most significant cases, which has played defining importance in the termination of long interstate conflicts and stabilising international relations. Conclusions of research justify the significant importance of the role of ICJ in ensuring international peace and security. The given trends predetermine the dynamics of international legal regulation of relations in the field of international dispute resolutions. The factors causing the complication and complexity of legal means of international disputes by ICJ in the context of achieving sustainable development goals defined by the UN Charter are marked. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.