Prospective study of the cytokine profile and antioxidant status of patients with pyoderma [Проспективное исследование цитокинового профиля и антиоксидантного статуса больных с пиодермией]

Background. The importance of studying the pathogenetic features of pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes is associated with the severity of the course of the disease, frequent relapses with a short inter-relapse period, and long-term disability.The severity of the course, long-term disability, violations of the pro-oxidate mechanisms recorded in patients with poidermias associated with Streptococcus pyogenes are priority and timely. Aims. Study of the cytokine, prooxidant and antioxidant profiles of patients with pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes. Мethods. А prospective study of the cytokine profile, the level of antioxidant defense enzymes, and lipid peroxidation factors in patients with pyoderma, lasting more than 2 years, associated with Streptococcus pyogenes, was carried out. The study included 100 people with diffuse lesions of smooth skin, identified on the skin surface of Streptococcus pyogenes, at the age of 28.76 ± 6.24 years; in blood serum, the content of cytokines IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β was studied by enzyme immunoassay, in whole blood the content of primary, secondary and final products of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes protection — superoxide dismutase and catalase. Results. Analysis of the content of cytokines showed a significant decrease in the concentration of IL-2, an increase in IL-10, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β in the blood serum of patients with streptoderma compared with the reference values of healthy people (p < 0.05). In whole blood plasma, an increase in the concentration of primary, secondary and final products of lipid peroxidation was registered with a significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase and catalase relative to the indicators of healthy volunteers (p < 0.05). Conclusions. In patients with streptoderma, an increase in the production of cytokines with pro-inflammatory and chemotactic properties in response to the invasion of the pathogen and its persistence was revealed. The intracellular nature of the parasitization of Streptococcus pyogenes contributes to the enhancement of the systemic and local inflammatory process, the formation of oxidative stress, the accumulation of primary, secondary and final products of lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. A decrease in the content of interleukin 2, which has immunoregulatory properties in patients with streptoderma, leads to impaired immune homeostasis, a decrease in the processes of differentiation in the direction of the Th1 immune response, proliferation of T-lymphocytes, a violation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the main subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which is clinically expressed in this occurrence of relapses in categories of patients. © 2022. All rights reserved.