This document analyzes the major global trends that determine the current state and form the direction and development perspectives of the higher education system in the twenty-first century, such as globalization, internationalization, transition to mass higher education, commercialization, flexibile professions, new approach based on the competency, emergence of new forms of education, change of education technologies and others. The authors identified trends that characterize for Russia's participation in the global transition to post-industrial education. It is emphasized that the Russian system of higher education is increasingly correspond with international standards, but series of indicators are lagging behind.