In this article the concepts of the ecological economy as the main direction in the economy of Kazakhstan contributing to the welfare of the country’s population have been considered in detail. It has been shown the global nature of energy consumption problems as well as their impact on environmental pollution. The necessity of development of eco-economy has been proved through the statistical data analysis, causes and consequences analysis as well as the method of expert assessment. It has been described possibilities of alternative energy based on the case of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular, the EXPO-2017 experience held on its territory. Taking into account the global nature of energy conservation problems, the results of the study can serve as the basis for designing the national sustainable development strategy related to the main provisions of international declarations on the transition to the eco-economy. © 2017, [International Journal of Ecological Economics & Statistics].