Индийская модель правосудия

Статья посвящена судебной системе Индии. В стране сложная и разветвленная сеть судебных органов, имеющих устойчивую тенденцию к дальнейшему росту. Помимо судов правосудие отправляется трибуналами. Несмотря на перманентные изменения, судебная власть в Индии продолжает сохранять многие элементы колониального наследия, что приводит к сосуществованию в южно-азиатском государстве как современных судебных институтов, так и архаичных, ряд из которых сдерживает развитие индийских судебных органов.

Indian Model of Justice

The article is devoted to the judicial system of India. The country has a complex and large network of judicial bodies, which have a stable tendency to further growth. Despite permanent changes, the judiciary in India continues saving many elements of the colonial heritage. This leads to the coexistence in the South Asian state of modern judicial institutions and archaic ones, a number of which holds back the development of Indian judicial bodies. The main judicial body is the Supreme Court of India. In the next level are high courts. They started function more than 150 years ago. The oldest are High Court of Bombay, High Court of Calcutta and Madras High Court. They are a key element in the judicial system. One more level lower are district courts and subordinate courts. India has plenty of specialized courts. Examples are family courts, commercial courts and security courts. In addition to the courts, justice is realized by the tribunals. The country has tribunals to deal with different categories of cases administrative, military, appeal, arbitration, debt collection, railway claims, etc. The tribunal is neither a court nor an executive body. It is an administrative supervision set up to fulfill quasi-judicial functions. One of the realities of Indian judiciary is long process in court. There are more than 29 million pending cases in courts of India. The other problems are high level of corruption and lack of qualified personnel. Despite all the difficulties, the Indian judicial system is developing. The example is the active introduction of information technologies in the judicial sphere.