Характеристика представителей рода Atropa в условиях интродукции

Изучены таксоны рода Atropa L., интродуцируемые в условиях Нечерноземной зоны РФ: Atropa acuminata Royle, A. komarovii Blin. & Shalyt, A. belladonna L. f. lutea (Döll) G.Dietr. в сравнении с сортом Багира (A. belladonna). Дана оценка изучаемых таксонов на ряд признаков: фенологические фазы, продуктивность сырья и семян, повреждаемость вредителями, содержание действующих веществ. Показано, что интродуценты рода Atropa уступают по продуктивности сырья и семян районированному сорту Багира, но характеризуются повышенным содержанием биологически активных соединений и могут рассматриваться в качестве потенциальных продуцентов алкалоидов для фармацевтического сырья. Проведены кариологические исследования таксанов Atropa и установлены их хромосомные числа (2n = 72; 2n = 74). Выявленная невысокая изменчивость кариотипических показателей свидетельствует о стабильности хромосомного набора кариотипов исследуемых таксонов.

Aspects of Introduction of Some Atropa L. Taxa

Four taxa of the genus Atropa L. introduced in the central regions of the Russian Federation: Atropa acuminata Royle, A. komarovii Blin. & Shalyt, A. belladonna L. f. lutea (Döll) G.Dietr. and A. belladonna L. were studied. The studied Atropa taxa were evaluated by the following criteria: phenological phases, seed and raw materials productivity, pest damaging, content of active compounds. After winter rest, on the second year of vegetation, all introduced taxa have passed all phenological phases, entered fruiting stage and formed seeds with high rates of germination energy and germination capacity. The studies of pollen size and fertility have shown variation in pollen fertility from 81.0 to 94.0%. The obtained information on the resistance to regional biotic and abiotic factors indicates high adaptive potential of the species. The introduced Atropa taxa, as compared to A. belladonna cv. Bagira, produce less raw materials and seeds but has higher content of bioactive compounds. Being protected, the studied introduced Atropa taxa of different geographical origin can be considered as potential source of alkaloids for pharmaceutical plant raw materials. According to the karyological studies of belladonna species their chromosome numbers were determined as 2n = 72 and 2n = 74. The low variability in karyotype indicators of the studied Atropa species proves the stability of their chromosome sets. REFERENCES 1. Maqbool F., Singh S., Kaloo Z.A., Jan M. 2014. Medicinal importance of Genus Atropa Royle – A review. – Int. J. Adv. Res. 2(2): 48–54. http://www.journalijar.com/uploads/637_IJAR-2611.pdf 2. Atlas arealov i resursov lekarstvennykh rasteniy SSSR. 1983. [Atlas of the distribution areas and resources of the medicinal plants of the USSR]. Moscow. 340 p. (In Russian) http://plant.geoman.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000004/ 3. Rhodes J.B., Abrams J.H., Manning R.T. 1978. Controlled clinical trial of sedative-anticholinergic drugs in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. – J. Clin. Pharmacol. 18(7). P. 340–345.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1978.tb01603.x 4. Chopra. R.N., Nayar S.L., Chopra I.C. 1986. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement). New Delhi. 330 p. 5. Tyler V.E., Brady L.R., Robbers J.E. 1988. Pharmacognosy. – 9th Edition. P hiladelphia. 537 p. 6. Srivastava V., Negi A.S., Ajayakumar P.V., Khan S.A., Banerjee S. 2012. Atropa belladonna hairy roots: Orchestration of concurrent oxidation and reduction reactions for biotransformation of carbonyl compounds. – Appl Biochem Biotechnol – 166(6): 1401–1408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-011-9533-3 7. Waterman P.G. 1993. Alkaloids: general observations. In: Methods in plant biochemistry: Volume 8. Alkaloids and sulphur compounds. New York. P. 1–16. 8. Zhang L., Kai G.Y., Lu B.B., Zhang H.M., Tang K.X., Jiang J.H., Chen W.S. 2005. Metabolic engineering of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. – J. of Integrative Plant Biology. 47:136–143. 9. Ashtiana F. 2011. Tropane alkaloids of Atropa belladonna L. and Atropa acuminate Royle ex Miers plants. – J. Medicinal Plants Research. 5(29):6515–6522. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2011.482 10. Guggisberg A., Hesse M. 1984. Chapter 3. Putrescine, spermidine, spermine and related polyamine alkaloids. – The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Pharmacology. 22: 85–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-9598(08)60178-9 11. Fitopreparapty VILAR (Spravochnik). 2009. [VILAR herbal preparations (Reference book)]. M. 255 p. (In Russian) 12. Chavan N. 2017. Coin image of action of Atropa belladonna in crude and in homoeopathic potentised form. – J. Dev. Drugs. 6(2): 175. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000175 13. Klimakhin G.I. 2000. Introduktsio