The UN predicts that the population of China will grow to 1 billion 395 million people by the year 2050. In this regard, experts speak about the quiet and long-Term Sinicization of bordering territories, including Siberia. This process is reflected in the socio-economic life of the Siberian society, being a vivid example of projecting "soft power" by the People's Republic of China in relation to the Russian Federation. The modern move of the Chinese to Siberia was marked by the "yellow danger" xenophobia. By the beginning of the 20th century, the complexes of the "world Jewish conspiracy" (as a variant of the "Judeo-Masonic conspiracy") and the "yellow peril" had finally formed as the leading and most widespread ones. At the end of the century, they were substituted by the "Islamic threat". Now the "invasion of migrants" with various ethno-confessional coloring is gradually gaining strength. The beginning of the 21st century was marked by the revival of the "yellow peril " syndrome in Russia, although in its content certain qualitative changes occurred. The main difference is that the epithet "yellow", which was important for the considered phenomenon of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, by now actually came out of use. The term "yellow peril" is now used as a term, a historically formed phrase. To express the current fears, the use of the expression "Chinese expansion" is more appropriate. The transfer of emphasis from the attribute "yellow" to the attribute "Chinese" seems to us to be an important characteristic shift. The object of fears is not simply concretized, it becomes rational: There is a shift from the "enemy" to the "opponent". It's not only, and not so much in the differentiated attitude to the "yellow"; it is unlikely that anyone will now consider the Chinese and the Japanese as a single community with common interests only on the basis of their race. The focus can be on deeper things, the picture of the clash, the "war of the worlds" is pushed aside. The horror of the civilization catastrophe is gradually disappearing from the mass consciousness; the fear of the expansionism of China, of the influx of migrants remains. It is a real or imaginary factor, which can be rationally described and explained.