This research investigates the process of Russia’s transition into the digital economy. The widespread introduction of digital technologies has led to a visible improvement and simplification of everyday human life. These technologies have created new markets, stimulated consumer behavior and made people’s lives more comfortable. The methodological basis of this article is a set of techniques, methods and cognitive settings adapted to the specifics of the digital economy; the empirical base is the socio-economic practice of developed countries. It is important to understand the role of economic resources is changing significantly in the transition to the digital economy. In industrial societies, the engine of economic development is predominantly human (labor) resources and financial resources, but the engines of economic progress in digital economies are knowledge and people. The transition to a digital economy is a labor-intensive, complex and significant process to ensure sustainable development and stimulate the competitiveness of economic entities. Technological resources are crucial for a digital economy; furthermore, identifying and defining those required during the transition from an industrial society are of particular importance. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.