Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to determine the perspectives and to develop recommendations for the digital modernization of state regulation of the economy in Russia, using the breakthrough technologies of Industry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach: The authors perform a statistical overview of the modern Russian practice of obtaining state services by economic subject using materials from “Indicators of the digital economy 2018,” which was compiled by the National Research University “Higher School of Economics.” Findings: It is determined that in modern Russia, digital modernization of the practice of state regulation of the economy does not conform to the current needs of the cyber economy, as it is limited by its focus on only one direction (provision of state services) and it is based on traditional digital technologies (Internet). Originality/value: A conceptual model for state regulation of the cyber economy based on the breakthrough technologies of Industry 4.0 is offered, according to which the digital modernization of regulatory practices also covers other areas (monitoring of economic activities, management of economic activities, and support for a favorable economic climate) through the utilization of digital technologies including blockchain, cloud technologies, the Internet of things, AI, quantum technologies, etc. Practical implementation of the developed model will satisfy the current and future needs of the cyber economy, which is currently forming in Russia, for hi-tech state regulation. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.