Автомобиль в сельской обыденности 1930-х гг.: факторы распространения и воздействие на быт деревни (по материалам Юга России)

Статья посвящена изучению роли автомашин в жизнедеятельности сельских жителей в условиях колхозного строительства. Раскрывается процесс проникновения автомобилей в сельскую действительность и описывается восприятие новых средств передвижения жителями деревни. Анализируются социально-бытовые новации, привнесенные появлением автомобилей в колхозную повседневность.

The Car in Rural Everyday Life of the 1930s (Based on the Materials of the South of Russia): Distribution factors and impact on the life of the village

The article is devoted to the little-studied plot of the history of collectivization in Soviet Russia, when as a result of collective farm construction the habitual life of the village changed radically. In the unhurried course of the village's habitual life, the real achievements of scientific and technical progress were invaded. One of the technical innovations for the collectivized village was the car, which with increasing speed penetrated into the most remote rural settlements. A specific feature in the spread of new means of transportation in the countryside was the considerable prevalence of trucks that met the goals and objectives of social production, primarily the accelerated transportation of the crop to state bunkers. At the same time, trucks were used in rural everyday life to meet various economic needs, including, collective farmers, despite the prohibitions in force, used them for private passenger trips. The foremost producers (the people who worked best) could count on the allocation by the collective farm authorities, at their personal disposal, of a truck, for example, to transport the natural part (grain) of earned workdays to their farmstead. Despite the relatively small number of cars, a new phenomenon of rural reality has become traffic accidents.