Objectives: The study analyzes the obligations of the States with regard to the right to health, the practice of international judicial and quasi-judicial remedies for human rights infringements, national judicial institutions and as the major doctrinal approaches. Methods: The methodological basis is formed by the general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, logical method, generalization, as well as special legal method, comparative legal method. Findings: The study analysis the main approaches to the implementation by States of their obligations under international law with respect to the full realization of the right to health, the conceptual and normative content of the right to health, and the practice of the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The paper presents the ways of further strengthening of the right to health as a fundamental human right. Application/Improvements: The suggested conclusions and recommendations may be applied by the RF Federal Assembly to develop optimal models of legislation in the field of health care and by the Ministry of Health of Russia to develop effective public health programs.