Bentonites modified with phosphomolybdic heteropolyacid (HPMo) for biowaste to biofuel production

Two bentonites from Paraíba (Northeastern Brazil) were impregnated with heteropoly phosphomolybdic H 3 PMo 12 O 40 (HPMo). The materials produced were characterized by various techniques such as N 2 adsorption-desorption (specific surface area, SSA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Dispersive Energy X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), acid-base titration analysis. The catalytic activity of these materials was tested in the esterification of a waste from palm oil deodorization and the main results obtained (about 93.3% of conversion) indicated that these materials have potential to act as heterogeneous solid acid catalysts. The prepared materials exhibited satisfactory catalytic performance even after a very simple recycling process in three reuse cycles, without significant loss of their activities. © 2019 by the authors.