This article reveals an issue of management, as well as the analysis and assessment of risks of the operation and development of modern industrial enterprises. The main purpose of this article is to develop a unified risk assessment methodology that can be used as part of the risk management system of industrial enterprises. During writing the article the following fundamental conclusions have been obtained: _ it has been substantiated that the risk management of industrial enterprises should be viewed as a function of management, as well as the process in which an iterative sequence of actions aimed at the detection, identification, assessment and development of measures to reduce the risk level are performed; _ a structural-logic algorithm for the risk management of modern industrial enterprises, in which two key types of risks (internal and external ones) and several types of risk factors specific to each type of risk have been distinguished; _ the practical application of mathematical instruments of assessment of external and internal risks with the use of the theory of probability (Bayes’ theorem of total probability) and the fuzzy logic theory has been illustrated. The Russian production and industrial sector and a statistically average industrial enterprise have been taken as examples. © 2016, SRAC - Societatea Romana Pentru Asigurarea Calitatii. All rights reserved.