Predictive diagnostics of computer systems logs using natural language processing techniques

This study aims to develop and validate a method for predictive diagnostics and anomaly detection in computer system logs, using the Vertica database as a case study. The proposed approach is based on semi-supervised learning combined with natural language processing techniques. A specialized parser utilizing a semantic graph was developed for data preprocessing. Vectorization was performed using the fastText NLP library and TF-IDF weighting. Empirical validation was conducted on real Vertica log files from a large IT company, containing periods of normal operation and anomalies leading to failures. A comparative assessment of various anomaly detection algorithms was performed, including k-nearest neighbors, autoencoders, One Class SVM, Isolation Forest, Local Outlier Factor, and Elliptic Envelope. Results are visualized through anomaly graphs depicting time intervals exceeding the threshold level. The findings demonstrate high efficacy of the proposed approach in identifying anomalies preceding system failures and delineate promising directions for further research. © 2025 Kiriachek, V. A., Salpagarov, S. I.