МАГНИТНО-РЕЗОНАНСНАЯ ТОМОГРАФИЯ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ПОГРАНИЧНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ЯИЧНИКОВ

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BORDERLINE OVARIAN TUMORS

Purpose. To enhance the efficiency of MRI in diagnosing borderline ovarian tumors through the analysis of histologically confirmed clinical cases. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical cases with histologically confirmed borderline ovarian tumors (BOT). MRI scans of 25 affected ovaries in 20 patients were reviewed. Tumor marker results (CA125, CA19-9, CEA, HE4) were available for 13 of the 20 patients. A literature search was performed using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and eLibrary databases with the keywords: “borderline ovarian tumors,” “MRI features,” and “BOT diagnosis.” Results. The average age of patients was under 40 years in 60% of cases. Unilateral ovarian involvement was observed in 60% of cases. The serous type of borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) was identified in 92% of cases, and the mucinous type in 8%. BOT presented as a cystic-solid mass in 60% of cases, with the cystic component being serous in 88.2% of these. In 81.2% of observations, the solid component accounted for less than 80% of the cyst volume. In 87.5% of cases, the solid component consisted of papillary projections resembling a “cauliflower.” Ascites was present in 35% of cases. A type 2 kinetic contrast-enhancement curve was observed in 66.6% of cases. Average CA-125 levels were four times higher than the normal range. Conclusion. Certain features may indirectly indicate the borderline nature of ovarian lesions, including a cystic-solid tumor structure with mild contrast enhancement of the walls and mural papillary projections. These characteristics can play an important role in differential diagnosis when evaluated alongside other imaging criteria. Incorporating the identified features into routine practice may improve the accuracy of MRI diagnostics for borderline ovarian tumors and facilitate their differential diagnosis at the initial stage of evaluation. © 2025 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. All rights reserved.