Влияние миграционных процессов на этнические и социально-демографические характеристики населения Тувы в советский и постсоветский периоды

The Impact of Migration Processes on the Ethnic and Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Population of Tuva during the Soviet and Post-Soviet Periods

This article presents an analysis of the impact of migration processes on the ethnic and socio-demographic characteristics of the population of Tuva in a dynamic perspective during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The study examines the shifting ethnic structure of the region’s population, the socio-demographic profile of migration participants, and includes data from a sociological survey conducted in 2023. During the Soviet period, in-migration to Tuva was predominantly of a semi-voluntary and temporary nature. The region had low migratory attractiveness due to its comparatively low standard of living and lagging socio-economic development relative to other regions and republics of the RSFSR and the USSR. The influx of skilled specialists and workers contributed to the polyethnic composition of the population and led to the emergence of a new socio-professional structure corresponding to the needs of Tuva’s agrarian-industrial economy. Migration activity was marked by ethnic differentiation — Tuvan residents primarily engaged in intra-regional migration, whereas ethnic Russians were more involved in interregional mobility. Since the 1990s, the outflow of the Russian-speaking population has intensified and continues to this day. As a result, an increasing monoethnic character of the republic’s population is being observed. For socio-economic reasons, the republic’s capital has seen a growing influx of rural residents. Active suburbanization around the capital is causing disproportion in the spatial distribution of the population and human capital. © This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Worldwide License.