Сравнительная оценка клеточного состава экссудата при использовании различных раневых повязок после удаления третьего моляра нижней челюсти

Comparative assessment of the cellular composition of exudate when using different wound dressings after removal of the lower third molar

Removal of the lower third molar is one of the main methods of surgical treatment of patients with difficult eruption. The problem of postoperative wound management after removal of the lower third molar deserves special attention. When treating a wound under a wound dressing, it is customary to use iodoform turunda, collagen-based dressings. Currently, gelling agents based on calcium alginate are used in surgical practice. A comparative assessment of the cellular composition of the exudate is relevant when using various wound dressings after removal of the third molar of the mandible. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative evaluation of the results of cytological examination of cellular exudate taken from the wound surface in the postoperative period during surgical dental treatment of patients with difficult eruption of the third lower molar using various wound dressings. Materials and methods. A study was con-ducted involving 120 patients who were indicated for complex removal of the lower third molar. The patients were divided into four groups of 30 people, depending on the method of postoperative wound ma-nagement. Exudate was collected using a sterile latex device to obtain a smear impression on days 1, 3, and 7 after surgery, which was sent for cytological examination. Cytological smears of wound exudate were stained with azur eosin and analyzed with a count of 100 leukocytes. Results. Analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate of the socket of the ex-tracted lower third molar showed that when using an iodoform turunda, by the third day there were signs of developing purulent inflammation (erythrocyte aggregation, colonies of microorganisms) and an increasing reaction to a foreign body (increase in the proportion of monocytes) by the third day, while other wound dressings did not cause pronounced signs of a purulent process according to cytological examination data. Conclusion. The use of wound dressings based on collagen, calcium alginate, and their combinations showed that the above-mentioned dressings demonstrate comparable results in terms of the level of inflammatory response and cellular composition of exudate, which indicates their equal effectiveness in postoperative wound management and prevention of purulent-inflammatory complications. © 2025, Clinical Dentistry LLC. All rights reserved.