CONCEPTUALIZATION OF MEDICAL ACTIVITY IN RUSSIAN LINGUISTIC CULTURE: AN AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT; [КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ ВРАЧЕБНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РУССКОЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРЕ: АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ]

The article examines the conceptual meanings of the phenomenon “doctor” in Russian linguistic culture. The urgency of the study is due to objective factors characteristic of the modern socio-political situation in the world as a whole and allowing society to once again deeply understand the importance of the medical profession for human existence and well-being. The aim of this work is to consider universal and ethnospecific conceptual meanings that have traditionally developed and are currently being formed in the structure of the “doctor” phenomenon in the Russian linguistic culture. The research material embraces data from explanatory and etymological dictionaries of Russian and other (Chinese, Vietnamese, French, English, Spanish, Persian, Armenian, Tajik) languages, and employs the results of a survey of 2nd year students of the Medical Institute of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (57 people from different countries of the world). The authors use general scientific methods (comparison, analysis, synthesis) and linguistic proper ones (lexicographic, diachronic, structural-semantic methods, conceptual analysis and field stratification method). The basis of the study includes linguo-axiological analysis, which involves identifying the evaluative component in the semantics of a lexical unit. As a result, universal conceptual meanings have been identified that form the core of the concept “doctor” in Russian and other linguistic cultures (he treats patients; has a medical education; has the right to engage in therapeutic and preventive activities). The ethnospecific conceptual meaning (caster, charmer), having moved to the peripheral part, is present only in Russian linguistic culture. To this day, the idea that a doctor can cure with a word will persist in Russia. The study argues that the doctor’s professional speech culture is of particular importance, consisting in the ability to predict and sociopsychologically manage the situation of interaction with the patient. The research prospects are associated with the exploration and comparison of communication between doctor and patient in Russian and other linguistic cultures. © 2024 Ural State Pedagogical University. All rights reserved.