The research shows the motives of Chinese investment in African countries and presents the features and trends of economic cooperation between China and the Republic of the Congo. The research determined the positive and negative sides of the influence of Chinese investments on the economic growth of African countries. Additionally, the research assessed the current state of trade relations between China and the Congo. The dynamics and sectoral structure of Chinese investments in the Congo economy were analyzed. The authors revealed the share of Chinese public investments in key sectors of the Congo economy. The authors also proved that the largest projects of private Chinese investors are also associated with these sectors. The advantages and disadvantages of mutual cooperation are revealed, and the prospects for economic cooperation between the two countries, as well as the main limitations of these processes, are presented. The research substantiated that it is necessary to find a compromise between the interests of the two countries to realize the potential of collaboration. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.