The study of the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples in the Inter-American System of Human Rights by the Latin American doctrine has been expanding, among other reasons, due to the impact it has had on the national systems of the region. These studies tend to focus mainly on the sentences of the contentious cases of the Inter-American Court. However, due attention has not been given to the work of the Inter-American Commission, nor to the historical, social, and legal factors that led to the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples having developed more in the Inter-American system than in other regional human rights systems have been duly studied. Thus, this article deals with carrying out an interdisciplinary analysis of the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples in the Inter-American System, with the objective of identifying its main elements and drawing some conclusions regarding the standards of protection of those rights. © (2023), (Institute of Latin American Studies). All Rights Reserved.