The article considers an overview of modern historiography devoted to the Kharkiv Educational District (1803–1917). 43 English-language and Russian-language publications made in the period from 2006 to 2024 are analyzed. The research methodology is based on the historical and genetic method, which allowed the authors to consider the evolution of the study of the public education system on the territory of the Kharkiv Educational District. The great importance is also given to the historical and systemic method, thanks to which the authors considered the studied problem comprehensively, taking into account the established traditions in historiography. At the same time, the authors applied a comparative historical method that allowed them to pay attention to the specifics of conducting scientific research on the Kharkiv Educational District. The presented review of modern historiography shows that the system of public education in the territory of the Kharkiv Educational District is now actively engaged in the Cherkas Global University, which is implementing an ambitious project “The system of public education in the Russian Empire: a historical and statistical study”. As part of this project, the organization's staff comprehensively reviewed the public education systems of all six territories of the Kharkiv Educational District. Besides this, representatives of regional historical scientific schools are currently engaged in various aspects of public education, which, as a rule, touch on private issues and rarely return to the public education system in their publications. © 2024 Cherkas Global University Press. All rights reserved.