THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MATERNAL FACTORS IN UTERINE MYOMA FORMATION

Introduction and hypothesis Uterine fibroids are among the most common reproductive system tumors whose pathogenesis is still poorly understood. The risk factors are currently being actively studied. This study focused on maternal epigenetic risk factors associated with uterine fibroids. Methods The study is a retrospective audit of questionnaires completed by female patients (n = 915) of childbearing age with uterine fibroids who had the possibility of asking their mothers about the specificities of their social status and lifestyle as well as the course of pregnancy and delivery. The author-developed questionnaire included 4 sections and 32 questions. Statistically significant variables were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results The study identified the maternal epigenetic risk factors significantly affecting the incidence of uterine fibroids in the progeny. These include: mother's age at delivery under 25 years, having siblings, being the first child in the family, lack of higher education, heavy manual work during pregnancy or sedentary work with a low level of activity, and pregnancy toxicosis. Such factors as stress during pregnancy and taking vitamins are associated with a low risk of uterine fibroids in the progeny. Conclusion Women residing in rural areas, who more frequently perform heavy manual work and have certain food choices and certain views regarding nutritional support during pregnancy, seem to require special attention. The results suggest the need for educating pregnant women by healthcare personnel and enhancement of control and screening of women throughout their lifetime if they have maternal epigenetic risk factors associated with uterine fibroids.