Prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the Russian Federation. Are the data real?

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common chronic lung disease in children under three years. Risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia include prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, and prolonged respiratory support in neonatal period. However, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia directly depends on the criteria for diagnosis and criteria for its withdrawal, since the most frequent current “new form” of the disease may not have clinically significant manifestations. This article summarizes data of bronchopulmonary dysplasia incidence in different medical centers in the Russian Federation. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia varied significantly from 0% to 87%. Increasing knowledge on incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia is important to determine ways to improve care of premature infants, to predict diseases of the respiratory system in these patients. It is possible to get reliable data in groups of patients homogeneous in terms of gestational age and birth weight if applying uniform approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.