PROBLEM OF THE CREATIVE ACT IN I. A. ILYIN'S INTERPRETATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF CREATIVITY OF CLASSICS OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE XIX CENTURY

The article is dedicated to the problem of the creative act, specifics of creativity in interpretation of the Russian philosopher I. A. Ilyin (1883-1954). I. A. Ilyin brings new ideas in the esthetics, developing regulations on specifics of the creative act, considering a problem from the perspective of the creating artist and the perceiving recipient. Each artist possesses his own vision of the outside world and of the inner world of soul and has to deepen his creative act and keep within plots and subjects identical to his creativity. The true creating artist often perceives the world deeper, than his contemporaries, and his voice is solitary. But he has to leave the legacy to coming generations. In many works the philosopher addresses the problem of talent. On this issue he considers two functions in spiritual creativity of the person: ability of creative contemplation and ability of creative expression. The article studies in detail the problem of a ratio of talent of creative contemplation and talent of creative expression in interpretation of the philosopher. Ilyin considers that the creative destiny of each person is defined by the ratio of these two forces. In respect of analysis of the talent problem, the philosopher examines also the problem of the medium, as certain "throughput instance" of everything around us. The problem of the creative act, specifics of creativity in article is considered on the basis of creativity of classics of Russian literature: L. N. Tolstoy, I. A. Bunin, N. V. Gogol, F. M. Dostoyevsky in I. A. Ilyin's interpretation. Comparing L. N. Tolstoy and I. A. Bunin's creativity, the philosopher sees the similarity of their creative acts. Both of them are the great masters of words. Both of them get into the depth of human being, they are experts on the human instinct. Specifics of the creative act of N. V. Gogol are defined by his extraordinary satirical talent, his talent of denial: he is the genius with one-sided talent. Analyzing the specifics of the personality of F.M. Dostoevsky and his creativity, I.A. Ilyin separates the notions of Dostoyevsky as a person and Dostoyevsky as an artist. In his case the person "served" the artist. The philosopher reveals the specifics of creativity of great writers and suggests that the creative act of the artist plays a critical role in creative destiny and life of great people and of each creative person.