Oil and gas exploration and exploitation in Niger Delta region (Nigeria) have been characterized by environmental degradation and deterioration as a result of oil spillage, flaring of gas, deforestation and other unwholesome practices of oil and gas multinational companies operating in the area. The devastation of the environment is the consequence of all stages of oil and gas activities from the exploration, drilling to transportation and storage. These environmentally unfriendly acts adversely affect the inhabitants whose livelihoods depend on the ecosystem for survival. This paper focuses on Niger Delta region, the country's hydrocarbon hub. The main goal of the study is to review the environmental, health and social implications resulting from oil spill, gasflaring and other exploration related activities. It also suggests ways to mitigate some of these impacts through government policies and regulations of the oil and gas industries operating in the region.